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Spectrum Optics SkyPilot SP127 Review: Not Recommended

Hardly a smart telescope at all, the Spectrum Optics SkyPilot SP127 is a decent 127mm Maksutov saddled with an unreliable mount and an imaging setup that cuts every possible corner.
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When you read one of my reviews at TelescopicWatch, you can trust that not only have I gotten to use the product, but I’ve compared it to numerous others and tinkered with it down to the literal nuts and bolts. When I'm not writing reviews, I'm out under the night sky with my own homemade or modified telescopes, with over 7 years of hands-on experience in astronomy, having owned 430 telescopes myself, of which 20 I built entirely.

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/5

11 years ago, I got my first telescope as a Christmas gift: the Celestron NexStar 4SE. It was confusing to figure out how to focus, align the GoTo controller and the red dot finder, and, of course, know what to look at in the sky that was actually visible. But eventually, despite my frustration, I did get it to work, and the views were lovely, even if limited by the telescope’s small aperture and my light-polluted skies.

The Spectrum Optics SkyPilot SP127, in many ways, resembles my first telescope on the outside, and it will likely find itself under many a tree this holiday season. It’s a little bigger than my old 4SE, being a 5-inch Maksutov, but it offers many of the same features, such as electronic pointing and tracking and compact Maksutov-Cassegrain optics, and it retails for about the same price. The SP127 sounds like a fantastic deal, especially considering it’s even got a built-in camera and automatic plate-solving with no 2- or 3-star alignment necessary.

Unfortunately, despite having what is supposed to be a fully automated, smart telescope-like system, the SP127 is a truly abysmal instrument and among the worst I’ve ever tried with regard to the actual user experience. It bills itself as extremely easy to operate, yet it endlessly frustrates with hardware and software that simply can’t be tamed by any user, never mind a beginner buying one as their first telescope.

The SkyPilot SP127 is essentially two telescopes: a 127mm Maksutov-Cassegrain optical tube assembly and a 53mm refractor guide scope with a camera attached. Spectrum Optics calls the guide scope an ED refractor and calls the whole package a smart telescope. Neither appears to be true. This “53mm ED refractor” has a lot more in common with a cheap, off-the-shelf 50mm achromatic guide scope. It also can’t autofocus, and the guide scope has to be manually aligned on its bracket with the main telescope if you want both to point at the same thing or have remotely accurate pointing and tracking. Whatever you want to call it, that’s not a smart telescope.

In theory, the SP127 offers a nice combination of viewing through the sharp 127mm Maksutov-Cassegrain optics and imaging with the “smart” guide telescope. In practice, even if everything worked as advertised, using it the way Spectrum intends doesn’t make much sense. The camera and its cable get in the way of your head at the eyepiece; any bump shakes the exposure, and you’ll likely want to move on to new targets through the eyepiece pretty frequently, which doesn’t work when good deep-sky images require hours of exposure time.

And everything does not work as advertised. Far from it! The original app I was told to download when I received the telescope didn’t really let me use it at all, and its replacement still struggles to even output an image, which of course only comes as a JPEG. You have no way to get the raw individual frames or a stacked exposure and combine them yourself, either.

From both its general appearance and the user experience, the SkyPilot SP127 very much feels like a cash grab: as if someone came up with a list of marketing requirements, then a list of hardware, and figured out how to cut as many corners as possible to still technically fulfill those objectives at the minimum possible price point. With better software, maybe it could at least function as intended, but I’m still not sure how good of a deal this telescope would be, and it certainly isn’t one right now.

The 53mm guide scope and MirroSky camera mounted alongside the 127mm Maksutov.

What We Like

  • Sharp 127mm Maksutov-Cassegrain optical tube provides nice views
  • Sturdy, fairly lightweight and compact
  • Auxiliary telescope uses the excellent Sony IMX662 sensor
  • Stable tripod

What We Don't Like

  • Unreliable GoTo and tracking, with severe backlash and slow, loud motors
  • Not actually a smart telescope: manual focusing and manual guide scope alignment area required
  • Advertised 53mm “ED” guide scope shows large purple halos around stars
  • Buggy, landscape-only app that crashes frequently
  • JPEG-only output with heavy walking noise; no raw frames or stacked FITS/TIFF images
  • USB 2.0 port camera rules out planetary imaging through the main telescope
  • Camera and cable get in the way of your head at the eyepiece

My Experience With the Scope

Spectrum Optics sent me the SP127 at the beginning of October 2026 to bring to the Okie-Tex Star Party. My hope was that it would be functional enough to try out alongside the SVBONY MK127 and the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro, comparing the SkyPilot SP127’s main and auxiliary telescopes with each of those instruments, respectively. However, after learning of how problematic this telescope is, I figured I didn’t want to keep my friends awake by cursing at the SP127 all night long, so I decided to test it alone at home and under dark skies nearby in Arizona instead.

My first time using the SP127, it took about 10 to 15 minutes just to start imaging, as it refused to plate solve and various other errors occurred. Then it didn’t save half of the deep-sky images I downloaded. I also tried to look at the Moon through the main telescope. Between the lack of feedback on the motor adjustment keys in the app, the severe backlash in the mount, and the inaccurate plate solving, it was nearly impossible to even get the Moon centered in the eyepiece, and tracking from there wasn’t very good either. Again, the SP127’s Maksutov-Cassegrain optical tube is similar to the Sky-Watcher and Celestron 127mm Maks and provides very sharp views, but with such a poor mount and app, no normal finder scope, and no way to do a two- or three-star alignment, it’s just not usable.

The SkyPilot SP127 set up for a night of testing alongside my ZWO SeeStar S50 Pro.

I did take the SkyPilot SP127 to Bortle 3 skies for two nights, but both times I got so frustrated with the app that I put it away. On one of those nights, I had an SVBONY MK127 on a manual SV225 mount set up alongside it, and I had the MK127 pointed at Saturn in about 30 seconds while the SP127 was still struggling to do anything at all.

After I complained to Spectrum Optics about the MirroSky app, which doesn’t even let you use it in portrait mode, they told me to wait for their new SkyPilot app to come out in a few days. I downloaded the new app, and it has nearly all of the same problems as the old one. It just looks a little nicer and crashes slightly less. I still don’t think either app was made by people.

Spectrum Optics also requested that I return the telescope after a relatively short period of time, just 6 weeks. Normally, Arizona has clear skies consistently enough that I could test it in that window, assuming it actually worked well enough to do so. But given that my weather has more resembled the rest of the country’s lately, part of me almost wonders if they were hoping to get it back before I had time to really figure out how many issues it has. In the end, I returned it ahead of schedule, since there just wasn’t much I could actually do with it anyway.

Not Recommended Telescope

The Spectrum Optics SP127 would fundamentally be a bad idea even if it functioned as advertised. It does not. The developers’ intent does not seem to have been to provide a functioning, easy-to-use telescope for anyone, much less a beginner.

Having owned over 500 telescopes at the time of writing, I can tell you this is probably one of the most rage-inducing instruments I have ever obtained, whether for free, as a loan, or purchased with my own money. Only the Celestron PowerSeeker 127EQ and similar no-name “hobby killer” telescopes provide such miserable performance. Just getting it pointed at the Moon was a 5- to 10-minute process. Yes, the 127mm Mak optical tube is fine, but you could just buy one separately and put it on a mount that actually works for much less money. And again, it really wouldn’t be practical to image with the SP127’s guide scope while looking through the main one for a variety of reasons.

What bothers me most about the SP127 is how disingenuous the whole thing feels. The PowerSeeker at least has the excuse of being cheap, and it does technically do what it says on the box. The SP127 doesn’t. The guide scope doesn’t appear to be an ED refractor, the package isn’t a smart telescope, and using it the way Spectrum intends would be a bad idea even if the software worked perfectly: your head hits the camera, you can’t stay on a target long enough to image it, and every look through the eyepiece shakes the exposure. It’s a list of marketing claims with a telescope attached.

Optics/Sensor Overview

The “127” part of the Spectrum Optics SP127 refers to the main telescope optical tube’s aperture in millimeters. It is a 127mm f/15 Maksutov-Cassegrain with a 1900mm focal length, similar to the Sky-Watcher and Celestron 127mm Maks. It’s very sharp optically and provides great views of the Moon, planets, double stars, and brighter deep-sky objects—you can resolve the Cassini Division in Saturn’s rings or individual stars in globular clusters like M13, for instance. But this is not the part Spectrum is advertising as a smart telescope.

The so-called “smart telescope” part of the SP127 is a 50mm f/4 (200mm focal length) guide scope with a non-rotating helical focuser at the back. Spectrum’s manual explicitly calls it a 53mm ED refractor. Based on the view through it with an eyepiece and the stars on the included camera, that claim isn’t believable.

The giant purple halos around stars are obvious in my images and in Spectrum’s own sample images too. Anyone who has looked through a real ED refractor will spot the difference immediately. It has a lot more in common with a cheap achromatic guide scope, and given the price of the whole package, it would be surprising if Spectrum had managed to fit ED glass in there. Not that it would really matter: the SP127’s problems mostly supersede image quality in the first place.

The 53mm guide scope and MirroSky camera mounted alongside the 127mm Maksutov.
The 53mm guide scope and MirroSky camera mounted alongside the 127mm Maksutov.

For its main camera, the SP127 actually uses a nice sensor: the Sony IMX662, a 1936 × 1100 camera with 2.9-micron pixels. The IMX662 is great, and it’s the same sensor used in the Dwarf Mini and the original ZWO Seestar S30. On the SP127’s guide scope, it samples at about 3 arcseconds per pixel, with a field of view of roughly 1.6° × 0.9°. However, for the application Spectrum is using it for here, it doesn’t make a lot of sense. For one, the field of view is fairly narrow for a deep-sky imaging setup. But also, Spectrum Optics neglected to give the camera a USB 3 port. If they had, you could use this camera with a Barlow lens to take nice planetary images through the 127mm Mak, assuming the mount worked to any reasonable standard of quality. But because it’s USB 2, Spectrum specifically advises that you not even bother using it for planetary imaging, due to the limited data transfer speed (and thus frame rate) one can achieve with a USB 2 cable. That means if you wanted to do planetary imaging, which this is one of the best sensors for, you would have to buy another IMX662 camera just to get a USB 3 port and a high enough frame rate for good videos.

Spectrum calls their camera/guide scope combo the “MirroSky intelligent camera system,” but they also literally give you a Bahtinov mask so that you can focus the guide/imaging scope yourself, which really makes it not a smart telescope. The whole point of a smart telescope is that you don’t have to do anything outside of the app once it’s turned on and/or polar aligned.

The 53mm Bahtinov mask Spectrum includes for focusing the “smart” imaging scope by hand.

The 127mm Mak’s field of view is too narrow, and its focal ratio is too slow for it to have been used as a smart scope for deep-sky imaging, which is why the guide scope has been included. It’s not a particularly wide field for visual use either, although it’s nice on the Moon and planets. But of course, you’d be imaging deep-sky objects with the guide scope, so why pair it with a lunar and planetary-focused instrument? The SkyPilot app also severely limits the performance of this as an imaging system. It hardly matters that the 127mm Mak is a good optical tube when you can’t reliably get it pointed at anything.

M31 and M32 mid-stack in the SkyPilot app
M31 and M32 mid-stack in the SkyPilot app: the finished stack of 100 frames never saved to my phone, so this is all I have.

Mount & Tracking

The SP127’s mount is an alt-az GoTo that, in many ways, it resembles products like the Celestron NexStar telescopes. However, Spectrum seems to have used the cheapest possible gearing and motors, as it sounds like a coffee grinder every time you power it up, and overall tracking/pointing accuracy is abysmal.

Stars are frequently trailed during the 10- to 15-second exposures taken with the guide scope (no surprise there), and plate solving sometimes fails to get targets in the guide scope camera’s field of view at all, never mind the main telescope, which has a much narrower field and may or may not actually be aligned with the auxiliary scope.

A single 15-second frame of M13 from the guide scope camera, with visibly trailed stars.
A single 15-second frame of M13 from the guide scope camera, with visibly trailed stars.

Spectrum claims the mount has stepper motors, a maximum slew speed of 3° per second, and 9 slew speeds. The motors are really loud for steppers. As for slew speed, when I switched from the full Moon to M13, which was nearly on the opposite side of the sky and a bit higher up, it took over 2 minutes, far slower than advertised. The app also only gives you access to 3 slew speeds, there’s no tactile feedback when you press the buttons, and there’s so much backlash that the mount takes a good few seconds to start moving.

All of this makes it really hard just to move the telescope around. Even at 76x with the included 25mm eyepiece, nudging the mount enough to center the Moon is a struggle. With a high-power eyepiece, the poor tracking had me making constant manual adjustments, which this mount makes very difficult.

The Moon in the original MirroSky app's live view
The Moon in the original MirroSky app’s live view. The SkyPilot app is essentially unchanged from this.

Power is provided to the SP127’s mount via a USB/C cable, which is then fed by a 12V DC supply, which itself has an AC-to-DC inverter like a laptop charger. There’s an internal battery pack for 4 AA batteries, but those wouldn’t last very long anyways, and in any case I was completely unable to get the telescope to power on when just running it with the battery pack. It would only turn on when plugged into the power cable. 

At the very least, the SP127 comes with a stable tripod, but that’s really the bare minimum for a product that costs over $1,000 once you add taxes and shipping, sale price or not.

How I Set Up and Use the Spectrum Optics SkyPilot SP127 with the SkyPilot App

The SkyPilot app (which replaced the original MirroSky app in October 2026) seems to have been made in quite a hurry: the field-of-view simulation it displays is for completely made-up telescopes, not the two actually included in the kit. It also frequently crashes and gives errors I can only describe as fascinating.

I’d be willing to bet that not just the app but nearly all of the SP127’s software was put together with AI, because I struggle to think of any other explanation for why it works so poorly. The last time I tried to use the SP127 before putting it back in the box, it failed to do a GoTo due to a timeout. I told it to cancel the GoTo, and it said the cancellation had also failed due to a timeout and that it would resume the GoTo. It then did nothing. I had to turn the telescope off and on again three times. On the fourth try, it finally booted up and pointed at the Moon, which was at the edge of the frame in the guide scope and not in the main telescope at all, despite the two being perfectly lined up earlier.

You have to connect to the telescope’s Wi-Fi network yourself; there’s no Bluetooth or NFC pairing. Once you do, the app basically just lets you tell it what to point at and start taking stacked images. You can adjust exposure time and gain, and even take dark frames, but I have not found a way to get it to output a raw FITS, TIFF, or any other file, either for individual frames or for the stacked output.

It also doesn’t always save the stacked output, even when you tell it to. It rejects frames that are perfectly fine and not trailed, then stacks ones that are trailed. Sometimes the download button simply didn’t work. Not that the results are anything to brag about, since they’re only JPEGs and you can’t do any editing to them.

The Moon on October 24, 2026, through the guide scope, as exported by the SkyPilot app
The Moon on October 24, 2026, through the guide scope, as exported by the SkyPilot app

Deep-sky results are worse. Here’s the Eagle Nebula (M16) exactly as the app exported it. The red and blue streaks running across the whole frame are walking noise, baked into the JPEG with no raw data to go back to and fix it. The SP127 also completely failed to center M16 before starting exposures.

M16, the Eagle Nebula, as exported by the MirroSky app from 10-second subs on October 2, 2026.
M16, the Eagle Nebula, as exported by the MirroSky app from 10-second subs on October 2, 2026. Note the red and blue walking-noise streaks across the entire image.

The camera also has to be oriented perfectly upright, so you can’t rotate the framing of your shots. Not that you could really rotate it anyway, since even in the default position the camera’s cable will hit you in the face at the eyepiece unless you also rotate the diagonal well counterclockwise to around the 10 o’clock position or more.

In addition to its glitchiness, the SkyPilot app is lacking many other basic features that you would see with a true smart telescope. There’s no planning a sequence of targets ahead of time; the “FOV simulation” is for generic hardware and not either of the actual telescopes provided, and so forth. It’s really just not usable.

If you go online and look at the people Spectrum Optics is sending these telescopes to on social media, it’s mostly folks who have never used a telescope in their lives, so they’re very impressed by the extremely low-quality JPEGs this telescope takes of the Moon and the Orion Nebula. Those are some of the only targets big, bright, and easy enough to track for the software to take a decent image of at all. Just as you shouldn’t be impressed to merely see the Moon through a cheap beginner manual telescope, this is completely unacceptable for something that bills itself as a smart telescope or even a GoTo. For the same price as the SP127, you could get a nice small GoTo telescope with a reliable hand controller/app, an 8” Dobsonian with a simple mount and far more light-gathering power, or a smart telescope like the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro that actually works.

Accessories

Besides the included 3D-printed Bahtinov mask you’re supposed to use to focus the guide/auxiliary telescope, the SkyPilot SP127 also comes with a single 25mm Plössl eyepiece (76x) and a 1.25″ mirror star diagonal for the main telescope. These are functional enough, but the 25mm Plössl doesn’t even have blackened lens edges, which really shows how many corners were cut when making this telescope.

Spectrum also sells a few add-ons for the SkyPilot SP127, including an EQ wedge (why, I can’t imagine) and cheap plastic aspheric eyepieces that are severely marked up and total junk.

Advantages & Disadvantages of the SkyPilot SP127 vs. a Regular Smart Telescope or GoTo Telescope

This is going to be short: there aren’t any advantages. Even if the SP127 worked perfectly, its basic design wouldn’t make much sense:

  • Switching targets constantly to view means you won’t get much data with the guide telescope before it’s time for something else.
  • Looking through the main telescope is going to bump it and shake the long-exposure image.
  • The camera and cable of the “MirroSky intelligent camera system” literally get in the way of your head when you are attempting to look through the main telescope.

A regular smart telescope like the Dwarf Mini or SeeStar S50 Pro does the imaging better, and a regular GoTo telescope does the viewing better. The SP127 tries to do both and manages neither.

Spectrum’s manual bills the ability to image and look through an eyepiece at the same time as an exclusive feature that no other smart telescope on the market can match. There’s a reason no one else has tried to match it: it’s a really bad idea.

It’s also worth noting that you can’t actually image with the SkyPilot SP127 without leaving the app open on your phone; when I tried doing this, it didn’t keep stacking more images. This is yet another reason why this setup cannot reasonably be billed as a “smart telescope.” My SeeStar S50 Pro, for instance, can image a pre-planned sequence without me being awake or even physically present at all, as could my Dwarf Mini and Vespera II.

Reliability & Software Updates (as of October 2026)

Reliability is where the SP127 falls apart most completely. Nearly every session I had with it involved at least one failure, and most involved several. The most common problems were

  • Plate solving that failed outright, or placed targets entirely outside the guide scope camera’s field of view, never mind the main telescope’s
  • GoTos that failed with timeout errors, followed by cancellations that also failed with timeout errors
  • App crashes, and the telescope needs to be turned off and on again multiple times before it will respond
  • Stacked images that didn’t save even when I told the app to save them, and a download button that sometimes did nothing at all
  • Perfectly good, untrailed frames rejected while trailed frames were stacked and saved

Just getting the SP127 imaging for the first time took 10 to 15 minutes. On my last attempt, it took four power cycles before the telescope would even properly slew to the Moon, and when it finally did, the Moon landed at the edge of the guide scope’s frame and outside the main telescope’s field entirely, despite the two having been lined up earlier.

The SkyPilot app won’t let you save individual frames.

Stacking itself is just as unreliable. The app regularly fails or discards frames, even with short exposures on bright targets, so the photos you collect over a session don’t necessarily make it into your final image. And since you can’t export the individual frames, there’s no way to rescue that data and stack it yourself.

As for software updates, Spectrum released a new app in October 2026, now called SkyPilot, replacing the original MirroSky app. When I complained about the original, Spectrum told me to wait for the new one. It is marginally better: it looks a little nicer and crashes slightly less often. But nearly all of the same problems remain, from failed plate solving and GoTos to images that don’t save, and it still offers no way to export raw frames or a stacked FITS or TIFF. A new coat of paint on the same broken software doesn’t change the verdict.

These problems also compound. A smart telescope’s whole appeal is that you can set it up and trust it to work while you do something else. With the SkyPilot SP127, any one of these failures can end your session, and in my experience, at least one of them usually did. Both nights I took it to Bortle 3 skies, and I ended up packing it away out of frustration.

To its credit, the SP127 does come with a two-year warranty.

Spectrum SkyPilot SP127 FAQ

  • Is the Spectrum SkyPilot SP127 a smart telescope?

Not in any meaningful sense. Spectrum Optics markets it as one, but you have to focus the imaging scope by hand with a Bahtinov mask and manually align it with the main telescope on its bracket. On top of that, the app frequently fails at plate solving, GoTos, and saving images. A real smart telescope handles all of this on its own once it’s turned on.

  • Is the Spectrum Optics SkyPilot SP127 the same telescope as the MirroSky SkyPilot 127?

Yes. Retailers list it as both the Spectrum Optics SkyPilot 127 and the MirroSky SkyPilot SP127, and the mount itself carries MirroSky branding with the model number IAZM12750. The companion app was originally called MirroSky and was replaced by the SkyPilot app in October 2026.

  • Is the SkyPilot SP127’s 53mm guide scope really an ED refractor?

Spectrum’s manual calls it a 53mm ED refractor, but it doesn’t appear to be. Stars show large purple halos, both in my images and in Spectrum’s own sample images. Given the price of the whole package, it would be surprising if Spectrum had fit a genuine ED guide scope in there.

  • Can the SkyPilot SP127 do planetary imaging?

Not with the included camera. Its Sony IMX662 sensor is excellent for planetary imaging, but the camera only has a USB 2.0 connection, which means it can’t record video at a high enough frame rate, and Spectrum itself advises against using it for planets. You’d need to buy a separate USB 3.0 planetary camera, and the mount’s poor tracking would still get in the way.

  • Can I get raw files or FITS images from the SkyPilot SP127?

No. The SkyPilot app only exports JPEGs, and I found no way to download individual frames or a stacked FITS or TIFF file. That means you can’t process the data yourself or fix problems like the walking noise in its exported images.

  • Can you look through the SkyPilot 127’s eyepiece and take images at the same time?

Technically, yes, and Spectrum’s manual bills it as an exclusive feature. In practice, it’s a bad idea. Switching targets to look through the eyepiece leaves too little time to collect imaging data; touching the eyepiece shakes the exposure, and the camera and its cable get in the way of your head unless you spin the main telescope’s star diagonal to a rather awkward angle.

  • How accurate is the SkyPilot SP127’s GoTo?

Not very. In my testing, plate solving sometimes even failed to put targets in the guide scope’s field of view at all, let alone the main telescope’s. Typically, targets were close to, or to a degree from, centered. Slewing is also far slower than the advertised 3° per second: moving from the Moon to M13 on the other side of the sky took more than 2 minutes.

  • Does the SkyPilot SP127 come with a warranty?

Yes, the SP127 comes with a two-year warranty.

  • Is the SkyPilot SP127 worth $999?

No. For about the same price, a setup like the Celestron NexStar 4SE gives you a compact Maksutov on a GoTo mount that actually works, and the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro is a smart telescope that functions as one. If you specifically want a 127mm Maksutov, the SVBONY MK127 on an SVBONY SV225 mount has even sharper optics and an easy-to-use, sturdy manual mounting.

  • What’s the best alternative to the Spectrum Optics SkyPilot SP127?

It depends on what you want. For a compact GoTo telescope for visual use, get the Sky-Watcher Virtuoso GTi 150P, Celestron NexStar 4SE, or Sky-Watcher Skymax 127/AZ-GTi. For smart telescope imaging, get the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro. For the most aperture for your money with no electronics to fail, get the Apertura AD8 or Celestron StarSense Explorer 8” Dobsonian.

  • Should I Buy a Used SkyPilot SP127?

If you can get one cheap enough that you’re really just paying what the optical tube is worth, sure, why not? You can use the 127mm Mak on a different mount, and it’s a nice telescope. You could put it on the SVBONY SV225, for instance.

  • What accessories should I buy for the SkyPilot SP127?

This isn’t a telescope you should really have in the first place. If you have unfortunately ended up with one, the number one accessory we’d recommend is an SVBONY SV225: put the optical tube on that and never deal with Spectrum’s mount or app again. If you want more eyepieces, I can always recommend the SVBONY Redline series or something similar.

Zane Landers

An amateur astronomer and telescope maker from Connecticut who has been featured on TIME magazine, National Geographic, La Vanguardia, and Clarin, The Guardian, The Arizona Daily Star, and Astronomy Technology Today and had won the Stellafane 1st and 3rd place Junior Awards in the 2018 Convention. Zane has owned over 425 telescopes, of which around 400 he has actually gotten to take out under the stars. These range from the stuff we review on TelescopicWatch to homemade or antique telescopes; the oldest he has owned or worked on so far was an Emil Busch refractor made shortly before the outbreak of World War I. Many of these are telescopes that he repaired or built.

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